From bf561167325361a4496258d56827096f389c66d2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Vin=C3=ADcius=20Ferr=C3=A3o?=
 <2031761+viniciusferrao@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 3 Sep 2026 19:07:52 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 1/4] refactor(debian): map media architectures through a
 shared table

copycd translated the architecture the Ubuntu media reports with its own
if/elsif chain, and genimage translates the same names back for debootstrap with
another one. Neither can be reused, so a new architecture has to be added to
both.

Put both directions in xCAT::Utils and have copycd read from there. The names
and the fallback do not change: media that xCAT has no name for still leave the
architecture as the media reported it.
---
 perl-xCAT/xCAT/Utils.pm                | 49 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 xCAT-server/lib/xcat/plugins/debian.pm | 18 ++--------
 2 files changed, 51 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/perl-xCAT/xCAT/Utils.pm b/perl-xCAT/xCAT/Utils.pm
index 142164f08..838e40bbb 100644
--- a/perl-xCAT/xCAT/Utils.pm
+++ b/perl-xCAT/xCAT/Utils.pm
@@ -4862,6 +4862,55 @@ sub splitkcmdline {
 }
 
 
+###################################################################################
+#subroutine debian_arch
+#Usage: give the Debian architecture name for an xCAT architecture. The media, the
+#       package lists and debootstrap all use the Debian name.
+#Input Params:
+#       $arch: the xCAT architecture, for example x86_64 or ppc64le
+#Return value:
+#       the Debian architecture name, or the input when Debian names it the same
+###################################################################################
+# ppc64le is deliberately absent: the Ubuntu driver table, the NSS libraries and the
+# image paths all key on ppc64el, so translating it here alone would build an image
+# without network drivers instead of stopping at debootstrap.
+my %DEBIAN_ARCH = (
+    'x86_64' => 'amd64',
+);
+
+sub debian_arch {
+    my $arch = shift;
+    $arch = shift if ($arch =~ /xCAT::Utils/);
+    return unless defined $arch;
+    return $DEBIAN_ARCH{ lc $arch } // $arch;
+}
+
+###################################################################################
+#subroutine xcat_arch_from_debian
+#Usage: give the xCAT architecture for the architecture the Ubuntu media reports.
+#Input Params:
+#       $darch: the architecture from the media, for example amd64 or ppc64el
+#Return value:
+#       the xCAT architecture, or undef when the media names one xCAT does not know
+###################################################################################
+my @XCAT_ARCH_FROM_DEBIAN = (
+    [ qr/^i.86$/    => 'x86' ],
+    [ qr/^ppc64el$/ => 'ppc64el' ],
+    [ qr/ppc|powerpc/ => 'ppc64' ],
+    [ qr/^amd64$/   => 'x86_64' ],
+);
+
+sub xcat_arch_from_debian {
+    my $darch = shift;
+    $darch = shift if ($darch =~ /xCAT::Utils/);
+    return unless defined $darch and $darch ne '';
+    foreach my $rule (@XCAT_ARCH_FROM_DEBIAN) {
+        my ($pattern, $arch) = @{$rule};
+        return $arch if $darch =~ $pattern;
+    }
+    return;
+}
+
 ###################################################################################
 #subroutine lookupNetboot
 #Usage: determine the possible noderes.netboot values of the osimage
diff --git a/xCAT-server/lib/xcat/plugins/debian.pm b/xCAT-server/lib/xcat/plugins/debian.pm
index fbae0f344..7f98fdf7e 100644
--- a/xCAT-server/lib/xcat/plugins/debian.pm
+++ b/xCAT-server/lib/xcat/plugins/debian.pm
@@ -368,22 +368,8 @@ sub copycd
     # So that I can use amd64 below
     my $debarch = $darch;
 
-    if ($darch and $darch =~ /i.86/)
-    {
-        $darch = "x86";
-    }
-    elsif ($darch and $darch =~ /ppc64el/)
-    {
-        $darch = "ppc64el";
-    }
-    elsif ($darch and ($darch =~ /ppc/ or $darch =~ /powerpc/))
-    {
-        $darch = "ppc64";
-    }
-    elsif ($darch and $darch =~ /amd64/)
-    {
-        $darch = "x86_64";
-    }
+    my $mapped = xCAT::Utils->xcat_arch_from_debian($darch);
+    $darch = $mapped if $mapped;
 
     if ($darch)
     {

From e982e161810000734483dccd1c5c5dcd413e49a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Vin=C3=ADcius=20Ferr=C3=A3o?=
 <2031761+viniciusferrao@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 3 Sep 2026 19:10:47 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 2/4] test(xCAT-test): cover the Debian architecture mapping

Pin both directions for every architecture xCAT supports on Ubuntu, the
pass-through for names Debian shares, and the round trip that copycd and
debootstrap depend on agreeing about.
---
 xCAT-test/unit/debian_arch_map.t | 52 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 52 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 xCAT-test/unit/debian_arch_map.t

diff --git a/xCAT-test/unit/debian_arch_map.t b/xCAT-test/unit/debian_arch_map.t
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..617004a43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xCAT-test/unit/debian_arch_map.t
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use FindBin;
+use Test::More;
+
+# Debian, xCAT and the kernel each name the same architecture differently. copycd reads the
+# name from the media and genimage gives debootstrap the Debian one, so both directions have
+# to agree on every architecture xCAT supports.
+
+use lib "$FindBin::Bin/../lib";
+use lib "$FindBin::Bin/../../perl-xCAT";
+use xCAT::Utils;
+
+# --- what debootstrap and the package lists are given ----------------------
+is(xCAT::Utils->debian_arch('x86_64'), 'amd64',
+    'Debian calls x86_64 amd64');
+is(xCAT::Utils->debian_arch('ppc64el'), 'ppc64el',
+    'the Debian name for POWER LE is unchanged');
+is(xCAT::Utils->debian_arch('ppc64le'), 'ppc64le',
+    'the POWER LE alias is left alone, because only ppc64el reaches the driver table');
+is(xCAT::Utils->debian_arch('s390x'), 's390x',
+    'an architecture Debian names the same is passed through');
+is(xCAT::Utils->debian_arch('ppc64'), 'ppc64',
+    'POWER BE is passed through');
+is(xCAT::Utils->debian_arch(undef), undef,
+    'no architecture resolves to nothing');
+
+# --- what copycd reads from the media --------------------------------------
+is(xCAT::Utils->xcat_arch_from_debian('amd64'), 'x86_64',
+    'amd64 media installs x86_64 nodes');
+is(xCAT::Utils->xcat_arch_from_debian('i386'), 'x86',
+    'i386 media installs x86 nodes');
+is(xCAT::Utils->xcat_arch_from_debian('i686'), 'x86',
+    'every 32-bit x86 spelling installs x86 nodes');
+is(xCAT::Utils->xcat_arch_from_debian('ppc64el'), 'ppc64el',
+    'POWER LE media keeps the Debian name xCAT uses for Ubuntu');
+is(xCAT::Utils->xcat_arch_from_debian('powerpc'), 'ppc64',
+    'POWER BE media installs ppc64 nodes');
+is(xCAT::Utils->xcat_arch_from_debian('nonesuch'), undef,
+    'media xCAT has no name for resolves to nothing');
+is(xCAT::Utils->xcat_arch_from_debian(''), undef,
+    'media with no architecture resolves to nothing');
+
+# --- the two directions agree ----------------------------------------------
+foreach my $arch (qw(x86_64 ppc64el)) {
+    is(xCAT::Utils->xcat_arch_from_debian(xCAT::Utils->debian_arch($arch)), $arch,
+        "$arch survives a round trip through both directions");
+}
+
+done_testing();

From 1efeef489570b6344c50d915caa509ff784ef4fd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Vin=C3=ADcius=20Ferr=C3=A3o?=
 <2031761+viniciusferrao@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 3 Sep 2026 19:12:02 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 3/4] refactor(genimage): take the debootstrap architecture
 from the shared mapping

genimage translated one architecture for debootstrap, x86_64 to amd64, and
compared against a bareword rather than a string, which only resolves because
the script does not enable strict subs.

Read the name from xCAT::Utils, which genimage already loads. Every
architecture reaches debootstrap with the name it does today.
---
 xCAT-server/share/xcat/netboot/ubuntu/genimage | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/xCAT-server/share/xcat/netboot/ubuntu/genimage b/xCAT-server/share/xcat/netboot/ubuntu/genimage
index 2f2b6995b..475d9ae00 100755
--- a/xCAT-server/share/xcat/netboot/ubuntu/genimage
+++ b/xCAT-server/share/xcat/netboot/ubuntu/genimage
@@ -215,8 +215,7 @@ foreach (@ndrivers, @default_ndrivers) {
     }
 }
 
-my $uarch = $arch;
-$uarch = "amd64" if ($arch eq x86_64);
+my $uarch = xCAT::Utils->debian_arch($arch);
 
 
 unless ($onlyinitrd) {

From ca2aec5397233926ebb2984c4e10391b6d976da6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Vin=C3=ADcius=20Ferr=C3=A3o?=
 <2031761+viniciusferrao@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 3 Sep 2026 19:12:24 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 4/4] test(xCAT-test): cover the debootstrap architecture
 genimage passes

Drive the assignment genimage makes and check the name debootstrap receives for
each architecture, including the POWER LE spelling that debootstrap rejects.
---
 .../unit/ubuntu_genimage_debootstrap_arch.t   | 44 +++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 44 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 xCAT-test/unit/ubuntu_genimage_debootstrap_arch.t

diff --git a/xCAT-test/unit/ubuntu_genimage_debootstrap_arch.t b/xCAT-test/unit/ubuntu_genimage_debootstrap_arch.t
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f47341864
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xCAT-test/unit/ubuntu_genimage_debootstrap_arch.t
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use File::Spec;
+use FindBin;
+use Test::More;
+
+# debootstrap takes the Debian architecture name, which differs from the name xCAT uses for
+# the node. Drive the assignment genimage makes and check the name it computes. The
+# invocation that consumes it is not exercised here.
+
+use lib "$FindBin::Bin/../lib";
+use lib "$FindBin::Bin/../../perl-xCAT";
+use xCAT::Utils;
+
+my $repo_root = File::Spec->rel2abs(File::Spec->catdir($FindBin::Bin, '..', '..'));
+my $genimage  = File::Spec->catfile(
+    $repo_root, 'xCAT-server', 'share', 'xcat', 'netboot', 'ubuntu', 'genimage');
+plan skip_all => "genimage not found at $genimage" unless -f $genimage;
+
+my $src = do { local $/; open my $fh, '<', $genimage or die $!; <$fh> };
+# Take every line that assigns $uarch, not just the first: the name has been built in
+# more than one statement before, and half of it would look like a different value.
+my ($assignment) = $src =~ /^(my \$uarch\b.*?)\n\s*\n/ms;
+ok(defined $assignment, 'found the debootstrap architecture assignment in genimage')
+  or do { done_testing(); exit };
+
+sub debootstrap_arch {
+    my ($arch) = @_;
+    my $uarch;
+    my $code = $assignment;
+    $code =~ s/^my\s+//;
+    no strict 'subs';    ## the script itself does not enable strict subs
+    eval "$code 1" or die $@;    ## no critic (BuiltinFunctions::ProhibitStringyEval)
+    return $uarch;
+}
+
+is(debootstrap_arch('x86_64'),  'amd64',   'x86_64 resolves to the Debian name amd64');
+is(debootstrap_arch('ppc64el'), 'ppc64el', 'the Debian spelling of POWER LE is kept');
+is(debootstrap_arch('ppc64le'), 'ppc64le', 'the POWER LE alias is passed through, as it is today');
+is(debootstrap_arch('s390x'),   's390x',   'an architecture Debian names the same is passed through');
+
+done_testing();